Saad Iqbal Water is an important ingredient of a concrete mix and water cement ratio is an important factor in concrete or cement mix design. While working at site, concrete workers always try to add water in it so as to increase the workability of concrete but actually they are reducing the strength and durability of concrete. … Read more
A foundation failure is when it is no longer able to support the full weight of the building due to movement of soil and excessive settlement. In such cases, the building may sink or may topple over altogether due to inadequate bearing capacity. Many foundation fail just because of improper assessment of soil conditions existing … Read more
Do you know cement concrete is the world’s most consumed man-made construction material? Yes! After water it’s the most consumed material on the universe and all is just because of the unique physical properties of cement. So without wasting our time lets jump straight to know what the physical properties of cement are that makes … Read more
Isolated footing transmits the load of a single column to the underneath soil. It is also termed as spread footing because it spreads the concentrated load on the column to on a wider soil area so that stress intensity is reduced. [su_box title=”Take Note” box_color=”#4be97f”]Isolated footing is defined as a type of shallow footing that … Read more
Before deciding the type of foundation for structures, it is very important that one must understand the difference between shallow and deep foundation. Foundation for a structure is generally classified in two broad classes based on the depth i.e. shallow and deep foundation. Depth is an important factor in foundation. According to a lot of … Read more
The word “workability” defines an amalgam and composite of four concrete flow-making physical properties like mixability, transportability, mouldability, and compatibility.
Water replacement method is used for determination of field compaction or field density of soil and gravely fills. The method is used for soil fills containing particles larger than 75 mm such as earth embankments, road fills, or structural backfills. The test method is standardized per ASTM D5030. As I’ve explained in my earlier posts … Read more
Knowing about various types of cement and their unique set of behaviors would allow you to opt the appropriate one for your construction needs. Actually the amount and proportion of various ingredients and components of cement are varied. In my previous post, I have talked about Bogue’s compounds of cement. These compounds including C3S (Tri-calcium … Read more
Core cutter method is a type of field density test performed to evaluate the in-situ density of cohesive or clayey soils. It is a very easy and simple test that includes driving of a steel core-cutter with sharp blades into the fill. So, this method is not suitable for coarser soils as the core may … Read more
Maximum dry Density of soil is determined in the laboratory with the help of Standard Proctor Test standardized by ASTM D698 and AASHTO T99. So this read explains in depth, the significance, background, apparatus and procedure of the standard proctor test. Basics of Soil Compaction It is worth mentioning, that densification or compaction of soil … Read more